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1 church councils of old
Религия: соборы первых вековУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > church councils of old
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2 mother church
1. кафедральный соборcathedral church — кафедральный собор; соборная церковь
2. церковь, от которой отделились другие церквиLow Church — «низкая церковь»
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3 собор первых веков
палеолит, древний каменный век — Old Stone Age
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > собор первых веков
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4 кафедральный собор
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > кафедральный собор
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5 вселенский собор
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > вселенский собор
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6 всеобщий собор
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7 иерусалимский собор
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > иерусалимский собор
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8 поместный собор
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9 собор
cathedral; council; diet -
10 эфесский собор
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11 собор
I(главный храм в городе или монастыре, рассчитанный на богослужение архиерея с большим числом духовенства) cathedral (church); (в Англии - церковь большого размера; собор монастыря) minsterII(собрание, заседание духовенства и мирян, избранных от народа для решения важных дел) council, synod, assemblyВселенский собор (чрезвычайное собрание пастырей и Учителей Церкви для решения важнейших вопросов и установления правил. обязательных для всей Церкви; православная церковь признаёт семь Вселенских соборов) — ecumenical [general] council
поместный собор — см. поместный
(церк.) соборы первых веков — church councils of old
1-й Вселенский собор в г. Никее [1-й Никейский Вселенский собор] (325; присутствовало ок. 300 епископов; выступил против ереси Ария; составлен "Символ веры", кратко формулирующий основы христ. вероучения; вынесены решения по ряду церковно-практических вопросов - о времени празднования Пасхи, о правах митрополитов и т. п.) — the first Nicene Ecumenical [General] Council, the first Ecumenical Council of Nicaea
2-й Вселенский собор в г. Константинополе [1-й Константинопольский Вселенский собор] (381; участвовало ок. 150 епископов; подтвердил никейскую веру, расширил и дополнил никейский "Символ веры", получивший с тех пор название "Никео-Цареградский символ", признал, что константинопольский еп. "имеет преимущество чести после рим. епископа") — the second General Council of Constantinople, the first Constantinople Ecumenical Council
3-й Вселенский собор в г. Ефесе [Ефесский Вселенский собор] (431; присутствовало ок. 200 епископов, осуждена ересь Нестория (тогда Константинопольского патриарха), низложенного на соборе) — the third General Council at Ephesus, the Council of Ephesus, the Ephesus Ecumenical Council
4-й Халкидонский Вселенский собор [Халкидонский собор] (451; присутствовало ок. 200 епископов; было составлено "вероопределение", чётко обозначившее и закрепившее основные черты христологического догмата Церкви, осуждены уклонения от этого догмата в форме несторианства и монофизитства; были уравнены в правах рим. и константинопольская кафедры) — the Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon, the (General) Council of Chalcedon
5-й Вселенский собор в г. Константинополе [2-й Константинопольский Вселенский собор] (553; присутствовало более 150 епископов) — the second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople, the General Council of Constantinople in 553
6-й Вселенский собор в г. Константинополе [3-й Константинопольский Вселенский собор] (680-81; присутствовало более 170 епископов) — the sixth General Council of Constantinople, the third Ecumenical Council at Constantinople, the third General Council of Constantinople
III7-й Вселенский собор в г. Никее [2-й Никейский Вселенский собор] (787; первые его заседания происходили в 786 в г. Константинополе, но из-за иконоборческих настроений столичных войск решение о восстановлении ранее ликвидированного культа икон не было принято; в связи с этим в 787 собор был перенесён в г. Никею; собор дал решительный отпор иконоборчеству, закрепив в своих решениях основные принципы правосл. иконопочитания) — the second Ecumenical Council at Nicaea
(празднование памяти одновременно многим святым как определённому сообществу, совместно предстоящему Богу) synaxisСобор Архангела Гавриила (13/26 июля) — the Synaxis of St. Gabriel, the Archangel
Собор Архистратига Михаила и прочих Небесных Сил бесплотных (8/21 ноября) — the Synaxis of St. Michael the Archangel and the Angelic Hosts, the Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the other Bodiless Powers
Собор Предтечи и Крестителя Господня Иоанна (7/20 января) — the Synaxis of St. John, the glorious Prophet, the Synaxis of the Holy and Glorious Prophet Forerunner and Baptist John
Собор Пресвятой Богородицы (26 декабря / 8 января; праздник прославления Богородицы) — the Synaxis of the Most Holy Mother of God (and St. Joseph, her Spouse), the Synaxis of the Most Holy Theotokos
Собор Пресвятой Богородицы в Миссинской обители (1/14 сентября; в память обретения Её иконы) — the Synaxis of the Most Holy Mother of God in Missina
Собор 70-ти апостолов (4/17 января) — the Synaxis of 70 Apostles
Собор славных и всехвальных 12-ти апостолов, Собор 12-ти апостолов (30 июня / 13 июля) — the Synaxis of the holy and the most praiseworthy Twelve Apostles
Собор трёх Святителей Вселенских [Собор Вселенских Учителей и Святителей: Василия Великого, Григория Богослова и Иоанна Златоуста] (30 января / 12 февраля) — the Synaxis [Feast] of the Three Holy Bishops, i. e. Three Cappadocian Fathers; namely, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory, the Theologian and St. John, the Chrisostom; the Synaxis of the Three Great [Holy] Hierarchs
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12 соборы первых веков
Religion: church councils of oldУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > соборы первых веков
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13 πρεσβύτερος
πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (Hom.+; comp. of πρέσβυς)① pert. to being relatively advanced in age, older, oldⓐ of an individual person older of two ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (cp. Aelian, VH 9, 42; TestJob 15:2 τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ; JosAs; Just., A II, 6, 1) Lk 15:25; of Manasseh (w. Ephraim) B 13:5. In contrast to the younger generation οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the older ones J 8:9. Opp. οἱ νεανίσκοι Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). Opp. νεώτεροι (s. νεός 3aβ) 1 Ti 5:1 (similar advice, containing a contrast betw. πρ. and νεώτ., from ins and lit. in MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.); 1 Pt 5:5 (though here the πρεσβύτεροι are not only the older people, but at the same time, the ‘elders’; s. 2bβ). The same double mng. is found for πρεσβύτεροι in 1 Cl 1:3 beside νέοι, while in 3:3; 21:6, beside the same word, the concept of being old is the dominant one (as Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206). On the disputed pass. Hv 3, 1, 8 (οἱ νεανίσκοι … οἱ πρεσβύτεροι) cp. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.—Fem. πρεσβυτέρα old(er) woman (opp. νεωτέρα, as Gen 19:31) 1 Ti 5:2.—With no ref. to younger persons, w. complete disappearance of the comparative aspect: πρεσβύτερος an old man (Jos., Ant. 13, 226; 292 [as a witness of events in the past, as Ps.-Pla., Virt. 3, 377b; 4, 377c]) Hv 3, 12, 2; cp. 3, 11, 3. The personified church is called λίαν πρεσβυτέρα very old 3, 10, 3; cp. 3, 11, 2. She appears as ἡ πρ. the elderly woman 2, 1, 3; 3, 1, 2; 3, 10, 6; 9 and has τὰς τρίχας πρεσβυτέρας the hair of an old woman 3, 10, 4; 5; 3, 12, 1.ⓑ of a period of time (Petosiris, Fgm. 3 and 4 mention οἱ πρεσβύτεροι and οἱ νεώτεροι. In both instances the context shows that the reference is to astrologers from earlier and more recent times) οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the men of old, our ancestors Hb 11:2. ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων the tradition of the ancients (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 253 τῶν π. συγγράμματα) Mt 15:2; Mk 7:3, 5 (ELohse, D. Ordination im Spätjudentum u. NT, ’51, 50–56: scholars).② an official (cp. Lat. senator), elder, presbyterⓐ among the Jews (the congregation of a synagogue in Jerusalem used πρεσβύτεροι to denote its officers before 70 A.D.: SEG VIII, 170, 9; cp. Dssm., LO 378–80 [LAE 439–41]).α. for members of local councils in individual cities (cp. Josh 20:4; Ruth 4:2; 2 Esdr 10:14; Jdth 8:10; 10:6) Lk 7:3; 1 Cl 55:4.—Schürer II, 185.β. for members of a group in the Sanhedrin (Schürer II, 206–8; JJeremias, Jerusalem z. Zt. Jesu II B 1: Die gesellschaftl. Oberschicht 1929, 88ff). They are mentioned together w. (the) other groups: ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:5 has ἄρχοντες for this), γραμματεῖς, πρεσβύτεροι (the order is not always the same) Mt 16:21; 26:3 v.l.; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1.—Only ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:8 has for this ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ) and πρεσβύτεροι (τοῦ λαοῦ: cp. Ex 19:7; Num 11:16b, 24; 1 Macc 7:33; 12:35; Just., D. 40, 4 al.) Mt 21:23; 26:3, 47, 59 v.l.; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; 28:(11), 12; Lk 22:52 (here, as an exception, οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; cp. 24:1. Also οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς GPt 7:25 (for this combination cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 83; 12, 406).—Only πρεσβύτεροι and γραμματεῖς Mt 26:57; Ac 6:12.—The use of πρεσβύτερος as a title among the Jews of the Diaspora appears quite late, except for the allusions in the LXX (cp. Schürer III/1, 102; MAMA III [Cilicia], 344; 448 [cp. ZNW 31, ’32, 313f]. Whether πρεσβύτερος is to be understood in the older Roman inscriptions [CIJ 378] as a title [so CIJ p. lxxxvi], remains doubtful).ⓑ among the Christians (for their use of the word as a title one must bear in mind not only the Jewish custom, but also its use as a t.t. among the ἔθνη, in connection w. associations of the ‘old ones’ [FPoland, Geschichte des griech. Vereinswesens 1909, 98ff] and to designate civic as well as religious officials [Dssm., B 153ff=BS 154–57, NB 60ff=BS 233–35, also LO 315, 5; HHausschildt, ZNW 4, 1903, 235ff; MStrack, ibid. 213ff; HLietzmann, ZWT 55, 1914, 116–32 [=Kl. Schr. I ’58, 156–69]; MDibelius, exc. on 1 Ti 5:17ff; RAlastair-Campbell, The Elders, Seniority within Earliest Christianity ’94.].—BGU 16, 6 [159 A.D.] πρεσβύτεροι ἱερεῖς θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 347, 6; PVindBosw 1, 31 [87 A.D.].—As honorary title: Iren. 4, 26, 5 [Harv. II 238, 3]. The Engl. word ‘priest’ comes fr. πρεσβύτερος via Lat. presbyter; later Christian usage is largely, if not entirely, responsible for this development; s. OED s.v. ‘priest’ B).α. Ac 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4 (in all the places in Ac 15 and 16 mention is made of οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι in the Jerusalem church); 20:17; 21:18; 1 Ti 5:17, 19 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103a Jac. νεωτέρῳ πρεσβυτέρου καταμαρτυρεῖν οὐκ ἔξεστι); Tit 1:5; Js 5:14; 1 Pt 5:1, 5 (s. 1a above); 1 Cl 44:5; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1. WWrede, Untersuchungen zum 1 Cl 1891, 8ff.—Acc. to 2 Cl 17:3, 5 exhortation and preaching in the church services were among their duties.—In Ign. the πρεσβύτεροι come after the bishop, to whom they are subordinate IMg 2; 3:1; 6:1, or betw. the bishop and the deacons IPhld inscr.; 10:2; IPol 6:1, or the higher rank of the bishop in comparison to them is made plain in some other way ITr 3:1; 12:2 (s. πρεσβυτέριον b; cp. Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22).—Polycarp—an ἐπίσκοπος, accord. to the title of the Ep. bearing his name—groups himself w. πρεσβύτεροι in Pol inscr., and further takes the presence of presbyters in Philippi for granted (beside deacons, though no ἐπίσκοπος is mentioned; cp. Hdb. on Pol inscr.) Pol 5:3.β. Just how we are to understand the words ὁ πρεσβύτερος, applied to himself by the author of the two smallest Johannine letters 2J 1; 3J 1, remains in doubt. But in any case it is meant to indicate a position of great dignity the elder.—HWindisch, exc. on 3J, end; ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei 1904, 47; 51; HWendt, ZNW 23, 1924, 19; EKäsemann, ZTK 48, ’51, 292–311; DWatson, NTS 35, ’89, 104–30, rhetorical analysis of 2J.—ὁ πρ. and οἱ πρ. are mentioned by Papias in these much-discussed passages: 2:3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15. For some of the lit. s. the note on JKleist’s transl. ’48, p. 207 n. 18.γ. In Rv there are 24 elders sitting on thrones about the throne of God; they form a heavenly council of elders (cp. Is 24:23) 4:4, 10; 5:5–14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The elders have been understood as glorified human beings of some kind or astral deities (or angels) (for the var. views s. RCharles, ICC Rv I 128–33; JMichl, D. 24 Ältesten in d. Apk. d. hl. J. ’38); the number 24 has been referred to the following: the 24 priestly classes of the Jews (1 Ch 24:7–18; Jos., Ant. 7, 365–67) whose heads were called ‘elders’ (Yoma 1, 5; Tamid 1, 1; Middoth 1, 8); the 24 stars which, according to Babylonian belief, stood half on the north and half on the south of the zodiac (Diod S 2, 31, 4; POsl 4, 19: HGunkel, Z. religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 42f; Boll 35f); the 24 hours of the day, represented as old men w. shining garments and w. crowns (acc. to the Test. of Adam [ed. CBezold, TNöldeke Festschr. 1906, 893–912]: JWellhausen, Analyse der Offb. Joh. 1907, p. 9, 1; NMorosof, Offb. Joh. 1912, 32); the 24 Yazatas in the state of the gods in heaven, acc. to Persian thought (Bousset). It is certainly an open question whether, or how far, the writer of Rv had any of these things in mind.—On the presbyters, and esp. on the question how ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος were originally related to each other (a question which is raised particularly in the pastorals; cp. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after 1 Ti 3:7 section 2 [w. lit.] and before 5:17), s. the lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος.—BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 188–97; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt ’53; GBornkamm, πρεσβύτερος; RCampbell, The Elders ’94.—B. 1472. DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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